Association of GLP ‐1 Receptor Agonists Versus Other Antidiabetic Medications With Cardiovascular, Renal, and Liver Outcomes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors' conclusion
GLP-1 RAs were associated with favourable cardio-renal-metabolic outcomes compared with several second-line glucose-lowering agents, particularly insulins and sulfonylureas.
Study context
- Population
- Chinese patients with T2D initiating an antidiabetic medication, Eastern China regional healthcare database, 2018–2024
- Participants
- 105,391 patients
- Exposure
- GLP-1 RA vs 7 other antidiabetic medications
- Outcome
- MACE, major adverse kidney events (MAKE) and major adverse liver outcomes (MALO)
Methodological detailsregional healthcare database, propensity score-based matching weights, intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses
- Regional healthcare database
- Propensity score-based matching weights
- Intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
MACE
Each group vs GLP-1 RAsHazard ratio (95% CI)
SGLT-2 inhibitors
1.19(1.10–1.30)
Insulins
1.42(1.32–1.52)
Sulfonylureas
1.30(1.18–1.43)
AGIs
1.45(1.31–1.59)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | HR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| MAKEDPP-4 inhibitorsvs GLP-1 RAs | 3.09 (1.69–5.63) | |
| MAKEInsulinsvs GLP-1 RAs | 6.11 (4.37–8.54) | |
| MAKEMeglitinidesvs GLP-1 RAs | 4.56 (2.32–8.97) | |
| MALODPP-4 inhibitorsvs GLP-1 RAs | 1.48 (1.21–1.79) | |
| MALOInsulinsvs GLP-1 RAs | 2.06 (1.81–2.34) | |
| MALOAGIsvs GLP-1 RAs | 1.55 (1.26–1.90) | |
| MALOMeglitinidesvs GLP-1 RAs | 1.43 (1.07–1.92) | |
| 0.10.31310Hazard ratio (log scale) |
Original publication
Association of GLP ‐1 Receptor Agonists Versus Other Antidiabetic Medications With Cardiovascular, Renal, and Liver Outcomes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab. Published 8 September 2026. doi:10.
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